1.
Mr. Bourne is supposed to testify in court today, but he is temporarily stubborn.
2.
Mr. Bourne is supposed to testify in court today, but he is stubborn.
3.
Mr. Bourne is supposed to testify in court today, but he is behaving stubbornly.
RELATED PAGES
Static v. Dynamic Verbs – He is smart. v. Be smart!
Be – linking or copular verb – He is smart. v. He is a student.
A Lexical Verb vs. An Auxiliary Verb — "Be smart!" vs. "Is he being smart?"
Present Tense — General Truth vs. At the Moment – Present v. Progressive.
RESOURCES
- Azar, Betty Schrampfer, and Stacy A. Hagen. "Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive" Fundamentals of English Grammar. 5th ed., Pearson Education, 2020. p. 18.
- Huddleston, Rodney D., and Geoffrey K. Pullum. "Be." The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. 3 §2.5.7.
- ———. "Dynamicity" The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. 3 §8.1e.
- Murphy, Raymond. "Present Continuous and Present Simple 2." English Grammar in Use. 5th ed., Cambridge UP. 2019. Unit 4 D.
- Swan, Michael. "Be: progressive forms." Practical English Usage. 3rd ed., Oxford UP, 2005. 89.1.
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