CAUSE / REASON	EFFECT
CAUSE	OUTCOME
(be) caused by	consequently /
(be) the result of	as a result / as a consequence

results from	results in
since	therefore / so
	OUTCOME – CONTRARY
because / because of	yet / even so
on account of	though / although / even though
due to	regardless of the fact

as	still / but still
for the reason that	nevertheless

CONTRAST / ADDITION	OTHERS
ADDITION	PURPOSE
and	in order to
moreover	so that
	EMPHASIS / FOCUS
furthermore	in fact
in addition / in addition to	even / indeed
CONTRAST	TRANSITION
however	the main / first cause / the reason is
but / while / whereas	another / a third/ a fourth cause
in contrast / in contrast to	for all these reasons
	CONDITION
on the contrary	otherwise / if not / or else
on the one/ other hand	if / unless

"Wanna-bes" — Mimicking Idols

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1.

Two 12-year-old girls are standing outside a mini-mart. They are wearing matching tube tops and short skirts like Britney Spears clones. One holds a cigarette, like an adult, where everyone can see her. She looks around to make sure other girls are noticing her. When asked why she dresses the way she does, she says that she likes it. it seems that the reason for her behavior is more complex. More specifically, it has more to do with her ambiguous role as a pre-teen in society. A young girl's wanna-be look is personal insecurity and peer pressure.

Feedback 1

ambiguous (Adj) – unclear, confusing, two-sided

clone (N) - identical genetic copy

insecurity (N)) – a feeling of not being safe or not acting confidently.

mimic (V) - copy or imitate

mimicry (N) a copy, an imitation

wanna-be (slang n.) – dressing and acting like a famous person, a pop idol: "want-to-be"; plural wanna-bes

"Wanna-bes"

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2.

for mimicking teen-idols is personal insecurity. Preteens are in between child and adult stages. On the one hand, they are no longer children, the ways they behaved in the past are no longer appropriate. they are not yet adults; they do not know the ways of the adult world. This conflict can feelings of insecurity. when they were younger, they could whine and cry to get attention from their parents and other children. that kind of behavior would be "uncool" around their teenage peers. Often , the preteen does not know how to act his or her age. preteens do no know what to do, they often turn to copy-cat behavior as a way to fit in and be more secure.

for mimicking teen-idols is personal insecurity. Preteens are in between child and adult stages. On the one hand, they are no longer children, the ways they behaved in the past are no longer appropriate. they are not yet adults; they do not know the ways of the adult world. This conflict can feelings of insecurity. , when they were younger, they could whine and cry to get attention from their parents and other children. that kind of behavior would be "uncool" around their teenage peers. Often , the preteen does not know how to act his or her age. preteens do no know what to do, they often turn to copy-cat behavior as a way to fit in and be more secure.

Feedback 2

appropriate (Adj) – correct or suitable for a particular purpose, person, occasion

mimic (V) mimicking (gerund) – copy behavior, act out similar behavior

stage (N) – a period or step in the development of a person, animal, thing, or process

"Wanna-bes"

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3.

A second cause is that preteens feel they need to be popular be more secure within their own age group. , they turn toward models of popularity - teen idols - and start dressing like them. Unfortunately, many of their idols dress and behave in ways that are not age-appropriate. Teens need better role models than Hollywood currently has to offer. , they interpret "dressing up" as wearing provocative, sexy clothing, rather than clothing that makes them look good and feel comfortable and secure. of their need to be popular, young girls start dressing and acting as if they were much older than they really are.

A second cause is that preteens feel they need to be popular be more secure within their own age group. , they turn toward models of popularity —teen idols— and start dressing like them. Unfortunately, many of their idols dress and behave in ways that are not age-appropriate. Teens need better role models than Hollywood currently has to offer. they interpret "dressing up" as wearing provocative, sexy clothing, rather than clothing that makes them look good and feel comfortable and secure. of their need to be popular, young girls start dressing and acting as if they were much older than they really are.

Feedback 3

role model (NP) – a person with behavior that is good for children to emulate, imitate, act like.

provocative (Adj) – something that stirs up emotional responses (feelings, desires) such as anger, sexual interest (lust), annoyance (bother) or curiosity.

"Wanna-bes"

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4.

for young girls mimicking teen idols is peer pressure. They often see the adults closest to them, their parents and teachers, as "uncool", as enemies. they turn to peers who pressure each other to look, act, and dress exactly alike. This peer group can exert pressure often preteens do things as a group that they would not normally do. One of these things is spending ridiculous amounts of money on idol clothing-lines. That's right! Young Hollywood celebrities are making money off their twelve-year old "peers" who give in to peer pressure. The peer pressure here is great most normal girls will succumb. we can see that personal insecurity, desire to be popular and peer pressure can cause a young girl to look like a little "tart" standing outside of a mini-mart.

for young girls mimicking teen idols is peer pressure . They often see the adults closest to them, their parents and teachers, as "uncool", as enemies. they turn to peers who pressure each other to look, act, and dress exactly alike. This peer group can exert pressure often preteens do things as a group that they would not normally do. One of these things is spending ridiculous amounts of money on idol clothing-lines. That's right! Young Hollywood celebrities are making money off their twelve-year old "peers" who give in to peer pressure. The peer pressure here is great most normal girls will succumb. we can see that personal insecurity, desire to be popular and peer pressure can cause a young girl to look like a little "tart" standing outside of a mini-mart.

Feedback 4

celebrity (N) – well known, famous person

clothing lines (NP) – brand-named, often high-priced, currently-popular clothing.

give in (V) – surrender, be unable to resist

peer pressure (NP) – the influencing attitudes, beliefs and behavior that cause an individual to conform (be like the rest of the group ); the social behavior of friends that cause a person to adopt similar behavior, sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse.

succumb (V) – give in, cave in, give way

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"Wanna-bes" — Mimicking Idols

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"Wanna-bes"

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"Wanna-bes"

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"Wanna-bes"

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