22 Apr 2012 — Including
How would you punctuate "including" in this sentence?
Our group uses several strategies to improve collaboration including problem-solving, improvisation, role-playing.
Click all three options to read about the details of this grammar point.
1.
Our group uses several strategies to improve collaboration including problem-solving, improvisation, role-playing.
2.
.
Our group uses several strategies to improve collaboration, including problem-solving, improvisation, and role-playing.
3.
Our group uses several strategies to improve collaboration including: problem-solving, improvisation, role-playing.
4.
Remove including and place a colon after collaboration.
Our group uses several strategies to improve collaboration: problem-solving, improvisation, role playing.
#1, #2 The verb form "including" is an example of a reduced verb form in a modifying clause. "which includes…’ is reduced to ‘including…’. See Clause Reduction 2 for details.
See Identifying v. Nonidentifying Clause for comma use.
strategy (n.) – a plan, method, or series of actions to reach a specific goal
collaboration (n.) – when you work with together with others; cooperate
problem–solving (n.) – when you find ways of doing things, or answers to problems
improvisation (n.) – when you invent music, words, a statement from your imagination, rather than planning or preparing first
role-playing (n.) – an exercise in which you pretend to be in a particular situation
