Passive Voice

Grammar-Quizzes
Present & Past Participle Modifying Clauses Framed | Unframed 

 

 

Read & Contrast

 

 

A modifying phrase, clause, can be created from a sentence with an active or passive verb.

Alcatraz


PRESENT-PARTICIPLE MODIFYING CLAUSE PAST-PARTICIPLE MODIFYING CLAUSE
CLAUSE FROM AN ACTIVE VERB CLAUSE FROM A PASSIVE VERB
The Federal agency (that was) locating a prison on Alcatraz knew that it would be impossible to escape from it. Alcatraz Island, (that is) located in San Francisco Bay, served as a Federal prison for several years.
The government forces (that surrounded) surrounding the island forced the Native Americans to leave. Alcatraz Island, (that was) surrounded by fog, was a depressing place to serve time in prison.
Law enforcement agencies (who knew) knowing about the isolation of Alcatraz chose it as the ideal site for their new prison. Alcatraz Island, (which was) known as "The Rock", was a maximum security prison.
A simple rule, called "that + be" deletion, is an easy way to remember how to create a modifying phrase. Commas are used if the modifying clause adds extra, non-identifying information. Punctuating Clauses

 

Review

A sentence with an active verb can be shortened to a modifying clause by using a past participle modifying phrase.

ACTIVE VERB SENTENCES PRESENT PARTICIPLE MODIFYING CLAUSE
People want to see this iconic landmark. 
They can walk across it from 9 am to 9pm daily.
People (who want) wanting to see this landmark can walk across it from 9 am to 9pm daily.

Drivers are crossing the Golden Gate Bridge daily.
They have to keep their eyes on the road.

Drivers, (who are crossing ) crossing the Golden Gate Bridge daily, have to keep their eyes on the road.
"That + Be" deletion rule also includes "which" and "who". Commas are used if the modifying clause is extra, has non-identifying information.

 

Review

A sentence with a passive verb can be shortened to a modifying clause by using a present participle modifying phrase.

PASSIVE VERB SENTENCES PAST PARTICIPLE MODIFYING PHRASE
The Golden Gate Bridge is located at the entrance to San Francisco Bay. It was designed by Joseph Strauss. The Golden Gate Bridge, (that is) located at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, was designed by Joseph Strauss.
The Golden Gate Bridge has two towers and is painted a bright orange. The Golden Gate Bridge, (that is) painted a bright orange, has two towers.
  Commas are used if the modifying clause adds extra, non-identifying information.

 

 

 

 

Practice 1

 

 

Join the two sentences using either a past or present participle modifying phrase.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz#History

Alcatraz
# YOUR RESPONSE CHECK ANSWER
Ex.

JOIN: Alcatraz Island served as a Federal prison from 1934  to 1963.
WITH: It is located in San Francisco Bay.

 

 
1.

JOIN: Alcatraz Island is a small, 18 acre, island.  (7.3 hectares)
WITH: It was discovered by Juan Manuel de Ayala.

 

2.

JOIN: Juan de Ayala named the island "La Isla de los alcatraces". (Island of Pelicans).
WITH: He charted San Francisco Bay.

 

3.

JOIN: Alcatraz housed several infamous criminals.
WITH: It served as a Federal prison.

 

4.

JOIN: Robert Stroud became known as the "Birdman of Alcatraz". 
WITH:
He spent 17 years on "the rock".

 

5.

JOIN: Al Capone continued running his rackets from behind bars by buying off guards.  (racket = illegal operations; behind bars = in prison)
WITH: He arrived in 1934.

 

6.

JOIN: Prisoners knew that escape from the island was impossible.
WITH: They were held in Alcatraz.

 

7.

JOIN:  The prison was *corroded, aged and too expensive to operate.
WITH: The prison was closed in 1963.

corroded = worn by chemical reaction to the salt air
 

8.

JOIN: In 1969, Native Americans moved onto the island.
WITH: They were relocated from other areas.

 

9.

JOIN: The Native Americans wanted to turn the island into an education, culture and ecology center. 
WITH: They were claiming the island under the *Under the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868.

*An agreement between the Sioux and the U.S. to return all un-used Federal land to the tribe.
 

10.

JOIN: Fires made the occupation of the island difficult for the Native Americans. 
WITH: The fires were set by unknown causes.

 

11.

JOIN: The Native Americans had gotten enough public support to renegotiate the U.S. treaty. 
WITH: They were forced off the island.

 

12.

JOIN:  Currently, Alcatraz island serves as a cultural center, tourist destination and site for filming movies. 
WITH: The island is designated as a National Historical Landmark.

 

   
 

Related Pages:
Shortening Adjective Clauses to Phrases 1
Shortening Adjective Clauses to Phrases 2

 

 

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Julie Sevastopoulos - ESL Department - College of San Mateo - San Mateo, CA 94402 USA