Grammar-Quizzes.com

 PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Modal Summary
• Will / Might
• Will / Would
• Would
• Should
• Could / Should
• Should / Must
• Must have
• Can / Could
• May / Can
• Modal Agreement
• Future Perfect
• Modal Review
• Modal Practice
• Modal Quiz

Must / Must have

Conclusions

 

 

 

We often try to guess what is happening in a situation that we see.  Might is used for guesses.

With a little more background information we can better judge what is happening.  Must is used for making conclusions.

 

Guessing vs. Concluding

MIGHT  HAVE	MUST HAVE
A guess based on a little information	An informed guess (conclusion, inference, deduction) based on more information.
She's sad. She might miss her family or she might be disappointed.	Also, she is alone. She has nothing but a glass of absinthe (strong alcohol). She must be depressed.
He looks tired.  He might be working late or he might be partying at night.	Also, he is handing his boss the annual report. He must have been working late last night to finish the report.
The farmer's market had no plastic bags.  They might have been out of bags.  They might have expected customers to bring their own bags.	Also, other people in the market had their own bags.   The market must have expected people to bring their own bags.

 

 

 

Other Expressions

OUGHT TO / IT'S A GOOD IDEA	HAVE TO
ADVISABLE    (a good idea)	NECESSARY (imperative)
I ought to install solar panels on my roof.	We have to use more alternative energy sources.
You ought not to use your fireplace very often.	Everyone hass to save energy.
It's a good idea to leave your car in your garage.	People have to make changes in their habits.

 

 

 

 

 

Sentence Forms

Word Order

 

 

 

Must - Must Have

	MUST	MUST HAVE
STATEMENT	We must be lost.	We must have taken a wrong turn back there.
NEGATIVE	We must not be in Kansas anymore.	We mustn't have seen the turn to the Grand Canyon
QUESTION	(Conclusion is not logically a question.)

 

 

 

 

 

Practice

Making Guesses or Conclusions

 

 

1. Read the context and then decide which modal to use.
2. * indicates and incorrect answer.
3. Compare your answer to the comment in the feedback box. 

 

#		YOUR RESPONSE	CHECK ANSWER
1.		Whose DVD is this? –  It -- must might belong to you. It has your name on it. – It -- must be might be  mine then.
2.		The man is in a shop and is cutting meat. He -- might be must be a butcher. The butcher -- might be must be the owner of the shop.
3.		What's the woman making? – She  -- might be must be   stuffing grape leaves for dolma or dolmathes. She rolls the grape leaves so quickly! – She -- might have done must have done   for years.
4.		What kind of game was this man playing? – He -- might have might have been  playing cards or dominos. Why is he so happy? – He -- must have must have been   won .
5.		How does he "throw" such a big pot? He -- might have practiced must have practiced his skill for several years. Where did he learn to make such big pots? He -- must have learned might have learned   it from his father.
6.		Where did she get those glasses? She -- might get might have gotten them from her father. The little girl -- must be must have been  very pleased with herself.  –  Yes, she was!
7.		Is that a dog or a caterpillar? I don't know. It looks like a caterpillar -- might be swallowing might swallow the dog. The dog -- must be embarrassed must be embarrassing by having to wear such a costume.
8		Where is this island?  –   It -- must be might be in the Pacific Ocean. It has a prison on it with a California flag. –  It -- must be might be   Alcatraz.

 

 

 

 

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