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 PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Modal Summary
• Modal Diagnostic
• Will / Might
• Will / Would
• Would
• Should
• Could / Should
• Should / Must
• Must have
• Can / Could
• May / Can
• Modal Agreement
• Future Perfect
• Modal Review
• Modal Practice
• Modal Quiz
• Modals In Context
• Related Pages

Future Perfect

Making  predictions

 

 

 

Prediction 

INTENT	A PREDICTION OF COMPLETION
Use will to express determination to do something (volition). In the negative form, intent becomes is refusal. Using will for intent indicates the person will take action to cause something to happen.	Use will have to indicate that something is scheduled or predicted to be completed before X time. Using will have for scheduled events indicates the event will happen as a matter of course.
Tomorrow, we will finish this project.  (We are determined to do so.)	By tomorrow, we will have finished our project. (We predict we will be done.)
Tomorrow evening, we will present our project to our clients.	By evening, our clients will have seen our work.

clients (n.) – people or customers who request a service

 

 

Future Perfect Expressions

BY THE TIME	IF
X will already be done when (by the time) Y happens	X will already be done if Y happens
We will have left the office by the time you arrive.	We will have left the office If you arrive after 5 p.m.  (future hypothetical)
we will have invented more efficient cars by the year 2011.	You would have found us goneif you had come late. (hypothetical situation in the past that did not happen - imaginary.)

Related page: By the time 

 

 

Adverbs

FUTURE	FUTURE PERFECT
Future tense uses adverbs of time with indefinite or exact  times in the future.	Future perfect uses adverbs with exact times in the future – the ending time at which the action will be completed.
tomorrow tonight next week next Saturday next month	by the time by tomorrow by this time next week by the year 2020 (adverbs indicating a completion date)

 

 

Subject – Verb Agreement

SINGULAR	PLURAL
will have + participle    (not  has)	will have + participle
By tomorrow, I will have finished my book. By tomorrow, he will have finished his book. By tomorrow, she will have finished her book.	By tomorrow, we will have finished our books. By tomorrow, they will have finished their books.

Related page:   Participle Review

 

 

 

Practice 1

Future Predictions

 

 

1. Select the best answer to complete the sentence.
2. * indicates an incorrect answer.

#	MODAL SENTENCE	YOUR RESPONSE
1.	By the end of this decade, many people their large gas-consuming cars. Feedback 1	will sell      will have sold
2.	In the next ten years, many people their large gas-consuming cars. Feedback 2	will sell will have sold
3.	By 2010, most baby boomers . "Baby boomers" = generation born from 1945-1955. Retirement age is 65. Feedback 3	will retire will have retired
4.	Next July, John in this country for ten years. Feedback 4	will have been will be
5.	Next July, I in this country. (I'll be traveling in the East.) Feedback 5	will have been will be

 

 

 

 

 

Practice 2

Raising a Baby

 

 

Baby Center. Milestone Chart. 2008. <http://www.babycenter.com/>
MSN. The Cost of Raising Kids. 2008. <http://moneycentral.msn.com/articles/family/kids/tlkidscost.asp>

 

 

Select the verb tense that goes with the context of the sentence.
 

#	YOUR RESPONSE	FEEDBACK
6.	By the time a child is one year old, she - will wear will have worn 3,500 diapers.
7.	A child - will wear will have worn diapers until 18 to 30 months old.
8.	When a child is two months old, she - will begin will have begun making sounds with her lips.
9.	By the time a child is five, he - will develop will have developed his ability and speak in sentences.
10.	Each month, parents - will spend will have spent about $900 per child on food (including lunch money.)
11.	By the time a child is 15, he - will visit will have visited the doctor an average of 60 times!
12.	As a teenager, a child - will eat will have eaten up to three times more food.
13.	At age 16, the child - will expect will have expected to get his or her driver's license.
14.	By the time a child is 17, the parents - will spend will have spent $9,990 in health insurance.
15.	When the child is 17, she - will consider will have considered which college to attend.
16.	By the time the child is 18, he - will cost will have cost $426,190 (including college tuition) to raise!   (Estimated amount is for a child raised in a suburb of a large U.S. cit.y)