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ger subjects

Gerunds — referring to activities

• using nouns & noun phrases for activities
• using parallel word forms in bulleted lists
• spelling: adding -ing (double letters)

Trading on eBay is another way of buying and selling things.

• listing
• finding
• searching

ger objects

Gerunds - expressing attitudes about activities

• gerunds as objects (expressing attitudes about activities)
• verbs typically followed by gerunds
• verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives without changing meaning
• two- and three-word verb expressions
• commonly confused verb expressions
• practices

Jamal enjoys playing soccer.

Are you afraid of losing?

verbalphras-ger

Verbal phrases used before gerunds:

Prepositions used after particular verbs:

• surprised at
• angry about
• overwhelmed with
   

Gerund/Infinitive Ex 1
Gerund/Infinitive Ex 2

He talks about leaving.
He accused us of complaining.
He keeps on making trouble.
He worries about making deadlines.

ger ind obj

Gerunds - expressing gratitude, apology, disappointment and opinion about other people's activities

After certain verbs indirect objects are expressed as:

• him for
• his + gerund 

I thanked him for fixing my door.

I appreciate his fixing my door.

by - means

Gerunds — stating means

How?

• with a knife
• by  using a knife

How do you stay in shape?

Arnold stays in shape by working out.

for-functions

ger4ex

Gerunds — stating function, purpose and means

What for?

• for cutting (function)
• to cut (purpose)

What's it for? for tying boxes.

Why do you use it? to tie boxes.

How do you close boxes? with string / by using string.

special verbs

Gerunds — after certain verbs

• caught
• found
• saw
• watched
• heard
• etc.

He sat at his desk working.

We found him napping.

 Parallel Gerunds

Recognizing gerund word forms in context

• gerunds - discussing activities
• identifying gerunds in sentences

He is very honest, kind and responsibility.

He is very honest, kind and responsible.

  particip adj1

Participial adjectives: agent vs. receiver -ed vs. -ing

• agent:     -ing ending
• receiver: -ed ending

Located in Passive Practices

The act was entertaining.  (participial adjective)
We were entertained. (passive or participial adjective)

 particpl adj2

Participial adjectives: ongoing vs. completed

• ongoing:      -ing ending
• completed:  -ed ending

Located in Passive Practices

a roasting chicken - still cooking!  (present participial adjective)





a   roasted chicken - done! (past participial adjective)

  verbspreps

Verbs and adjectives followed by prepositions

• accustomed to
• succeed in
• be in charge of

Located in Preposition Practices

If you try you can succeed __ anything you want.

In Context

Recognizing gerund word forms in context

• gerunds - discussing activities
• identifying gerunds in sentences

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