Before / After + Gerund
Referring to time-related activities
Prepositional Phrase Adjuncts
| PREPOSITION + NOUN PHRASE | PREPOSITION + GERUND CLAUSE | ||
|---|---|---|---|
In these examples, a prepositional phrase is added to an independent clause. The sentence can stand alone without the clause. The prepositional phrase may be complemented by a noun or a noun phrase. |
Or the prepositional phrase may be complemented by a gerund clause. |
||
Jason read the manual |
before the installation. |
Jason read the manual |
before beginning the installation. |
Jason said, "You can't turn it on |
without a plug." |
You can't turn it on |
without plugging it in. |
Jane got it working |
with a different cable. |
Jane got it working |
by using a different cable. |
Jason was talking |
about an action movie. |
Jason was talking |
about seeing an action movie. |
Jason was having vision problems |
from the new TV. |
Jason was having vision problems |
from watching the new TV. |
Jane suggested a "night out" |
instead of TV at home. |
Jane suggested a "night out" |
instead of watching TV at home. |
Jason thanked Jane |
for her suggestion. |
Jason thanked Jane |
for making her suggestion. |
Jason lectured |
against unnecessary expenses. |
Jason lectured |
against spending money. |
complement – a word, phrase or clause which is necessary in a sentence to complete its meaning
noun phrase – a noun + determiners and other modifiers
Preposition List
about |
after |
by |
from |
with |
against |
before |
for |
of |
without |
Common Mistakes
| ERROR | FIX |
|---|---|
*I drove there without stop.
|
I drove there without stopping. |
*Yellow highlighted words are examples of incorrect usage.
Practice
Managing Headaches
- Select the word from each menu that best completes the sentence.
- Compare your response to the answer by clicking the "check" button to the right.