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Adjective Clause Summary

 

 

Adding a Modifying Clause

that

Using a modifying clause with that

Adding descriptive information for things

  • that (subject or object pronoun)
  • the main sentence is the independent clause
  • the modifying phrase is the dependent clause

smart car on street 

The car that is very small   is economical to drive.

The car that I want to buy   is economical to drive.

 

 

Relative Pronouns

who-whom

Using a modifying clause with who, whom & that

Adding descriptive information for people and things

  • who
  • who(m)
  • that
  • which

Omitting an object pronoun

Woman on Phone

The woman who called you is here.

The woman  (whom) you called is here.

 

whose

Using a modifying clause with whose

Adding descriptive information for possession

  • whose (for people)
greek woman 

The woman  who is Greek is on the phone.

The woman  whose name is Greek is on the phone.

 

when-where

Using a modifying clause with when and where

Adding descriptive information for time and place

  • when (time)
  • where (place)
flower child
 

San Francisco  where the "flower children" began  is a colorful city.

The 1960s when the "flower children" thrived   was a colorful decade.

 

wh-ever

Adding a modifying clause with indefinite pronouns
  • whoever
  • whatever
  • whenever
  • wherever
  • however
gossip 

Whoever you want, you can have on your team. 

Whichever one you want, you can have. 

Whatever you want, you can have. 

 

all of which

Using a modifying clause with all of which

Adding descriptive information by telling "how much"

Expressions of quantity:

  • little of which
  • some of which
  • most of which
  • a few of which
Visitors

The Walt Disney Company has several parks, all of which are run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.

California has a lot of visitors, most of whom come to see Disneyland.

 

X of which

Using a modifying clause with whose or "the X of which"

Adding descriptive information for animate or inanimate possession

  • the X of which  (for things)
  • whose  (for people or things)
car

The car  the door of which I dented  cost a fortune to repair.

The car  whose door I dented  cost a fortune to repair.

 

Identifying and Nonidentifying Clauses

that-which

Using a modifying clause to identify something – that vs. which

Talking about something specifically or "in general"

 

  • commas – if clause identifies the noun it modifies
  • no commas – if clause adds extra information to the noun it modifies

 

Bottled Water

The water that I drank last night contained sodium.

The Evian water, which I drank last night, contained sodium.

 

some or all

Referring to something specific or to all – some or all
  • commas -–   refers to all (non-restrictive)
  • no commas – refers to a few or some -  specific (restrictive)  

 

bio-scientist 

The bio-scientist who creates green energy will make a profit.

The bio-scientist, who creates green energy, will make a profit.

 

which-clause

Referring to part (noun) or all of a clause
  • that  refers to a noun
  • which  can refer to a noun, phrase or clause

 

pressing delete key

He deleted the picture that upset me. (The picture upset me.)

He deleted the picture, which upset me. (The action upset me.)

 

Reducing Clauses to Participial Phrases

phrase [be]

Reducing a clause using [that + be] deletion

For example:

  • [who is] behind you
  • [that improves] improving his life
  • [which was improved] improved by ..
talk show 

A talk show [which is] trying to improve its rating may plan a fight.

A talk show
trying to improve its rating may plan a fight.

 

particpl phrs

Reducing a clause by changing the verb to a present participle phrase

For example:

  • [who lives] living nearby
  • [that improves] improving his life
  • [which changes] changing his ways
Congress

Congress, [which consists] of two houses, is on a break.

Congress, consisting of two houses, is on a break.

ppartcpl phrs

 

 

 

Reducing a clause to a phrase using [that + be] deletion
  • [which was planned] planned as a ...
  • [which was built ] built in 1937

 

 

 

Located in Passive Practices

Golden Gate Bridge

The Golden Gate Bridge, (which was) designed by Joseph Strauss, attracts tourists.

 

ppparti phrs

 

 

Modifying nouns with present & past participle phrases
  • passive verb – past participle phrase (-ed)
  • active verb –present participle phrase (-ing)

Located in Passive Practices

Alcatraz 

Alcatraz Island (that was) known as "The Rock", was a maximum security prison.

Law enforcement agencies (who knew) knowing about the isolation of Alcatraz chose it as the ideal site for their new prison.  

 

 

Agreement in Complex Sentences

agree4b

 

 

Agreement in complex sentences:
  • with modifying phrases
  • with prepositional phrases

 

Located in Agreement Practices

monkey family 

The monkey  under the bananas is hiding.

The monkeys  under the tree are hiding.

 

 

Review & Final Quiz

review-13

 

 

Review adjective clauses

with practices that follow Azar UUAE chapter 13

 

 

Located in Review Practices

Kiddie TV

Commercials that you see on TV  (is / are) ____ aimed at children.

 

adj cls quiz

Using possessive modifiers and expressions of quantity
  • Auto-Correcting Quiz  
runners on cell phones

The Bay to Breakers race, (its, whose, that)  ____ name comes from its route, is fun for all.

 

 

 

 

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