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 PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Adjective Clauses
• That
• Who-whom
• Whose
• When-Where
• Wh-ever
• All of which
• The X of which
• That v. Which
• Some or All
• Which-clause
• Phrases [be]
• Particpl Phrs
• Adj Clause Qz
• More…

That

Adding Descriptive Clauses for Inanimate Things

 

 

An adjective can be one word, a phrase or a clause:

• The new car is tiny.  (adjective)
• The car on top of the Hummer is tiny.  (prepositional phrase)
• The car that holds two passengers is tiny.  (adjective clause)

 

 

Adding an adjective clause, joins two sentences into one:

• the main sentences is the independent clause
• the modifying clause is the dependent clause

 

 

 

Subject Modifiers

 

Joining the Subject of a Dependent Clause – THAT

JOIN THE SENTENCES:		INDEPENDENT CLAUSE	DEPENDENT CLAUSE
1	Replace the subject pronoun It with that.	The car is economical to drive.	It is very small.
			that is very small
2	Insert the clause into the main sentence.
			The car that is very small   is economical to drive.

 

 

 

Common Mistake

ERROR	FIX
The car is very economical that holds just two passengers.	The car that holds just two passengers is very economical.           Move the clause forward, next to the word it modifies.

 

 

 

 

 

Object Modifiers

 

 

 

 

Joining the Object of a Dependent Clause – THAT

JOIN THE SENTENCES:		INDEPENDENT CLAUSE	DEPENDENT CLAUSE
1	Replace the object pronoun  it with that	The car is economical to drive.	I want to buy it
			I want to buy that
2	Move the relative pronoun to the front of the sentence.
3	Insert the clause into the main sentence.
	Option: "that" can be omitted if the clause helps to identify the noun it modifies. more info		The car (that) I want to buy   is economical to drive.

 

Common Mistake

ERROR	FIX
The car that I want to buy  it   is economical to drive.	The car (that) I want to buy is economical to drive. Delete it. Otherwise, there are two pronouns referring to the car.

 

 

 

 

Practice

Considering a "Smart" Car

 

 

 

1. Join the two sentences into one sentence.
2. Change the second sentence into a clause.  (Leave the prepositions at the end of the sentence.)

#	YOUR RESPONSE	CHECK
1	The car averages 39 miles per gallon.    ADD:   It holds about 9 gallons.
2	The car averages 39 miles per gallon.   ADD:  I want one!
3	When I was in Italy, I admired a Smart car . ADD:  It was parked outside a cafe.
4	When I was in Italy, I leased a Smart car . ADD:  I drove it across Europe.
5	The car is a Smart car. ADD:  You can park it nose-in to the curb.
6	A parking space is perfect for a Smart car. ADD:  It is too small for most cars.
7	A Smart car managed to do well in crash tests. ADD: Engineers tested it.
8	A Smart car managed to do well in crash tests. It was tested for head-on crashes. "that + be" deletion option

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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