Grammar-Quizzes.com

 PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Connect Summary
• Conn Diagnostic
• FANBOYS
• And / In addition
• And so / too
• Too / Either
• Both...and
• But / But still
• But not / Except
• But/ Though
• Rather than
• Because / of
• Because of / By
• Cause & Effect
• Because/ Though
• Cause-Effect Rev
• Because Clauses
• So/Such that
• So Phrases
• After / Before
• When / While
• By the time
• Time-related Clauses
• Connector Review
• Connector Edit
• Connector Paragr
• Parallel Phrasing
• Sentence Editing
• Related pages...

• On this page:
• Cause/Effect Chart
• Practice 1
• Practice 2
• Practice 3

Cause & Effect Review

Expressing a Cause and Effect Relationship

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of Cause–Effect Connectors

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION	CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION	SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION	CONJUNCTIVE  ADVERB / TRANSITION
A coordinating conjunction mostly occurs mid-sentence and joins two independent clauses. A comma is placed before the conjunction (for and, nor, but, or, yet, so). They may also occur at the beginning of a sentence .	A correlative conjunction is paired with another word and is used to join equivalent sentence elements such as one noun or noun-phrase with another noun or noun-phrase.	A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause, which requires attachment to an independent clause to complete the rest of the thought. When the dependent clause occurs: (1) before the independent clause, a comma separates the clauses; (2)  after the independent clause , no comma separates the clauses.	A transition word is used at the beginning of a sentence with a comma after it. It marks a change in thought from one sentence (or paragraph) to the next. A period or semicolon comes before it.
USED IN A SENTENCE He saw starving children, so he helped. He helped, for he knew they could survive.	USED IN A SENTENCE He raised so much money that they created a food bank. He raised such a large amount of money that they created a food bank.	USED IN A SENTENCE The children survived because they had help.  Because they had help, the children survived. The children survived because of the help. (noun phrase)	USED IN A SENTENCE People helped. As a consequence, the children survived. People helped; as a consequence, the children survived.
CAUSE *for (reason or cause)   *rarely used	CAUSE so . . . that   (emphasis on cause) such . . . that (emphasis on cause)	CAUSE because, since, now that, as, as long as, inasmuch as, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, despite , if only because	CAUSE For this reason, For all these reasons
EFFECT so (result)	EFFECT	EFFECT so that   (purpose-result) in order   (purpose-result)	EFFECT Therefore, Cause & Effect, Consequently, As a consequence, As a result, Thus, Hence

starving (adj.) – suffering without food; not having food to eat
food bank (n.) – a place that gives food to poor people
survive (v.) – to continue to live in difficult conditions (accident, war, illness)

 

Also see The reason is..., The main reason for this is... Causes / is caused by, Results in/ Results from  

 

 

 

Practice 1

The Freshman Five

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stating cause-effect relationships

1. Select the connector that best completes the sentence.
2. Compare your response to the answer by clicking the "check" button to the right.

 

#	YOUR RESPONSE	FEEDBACK
1.	— Since Because Consequently Due to students were gaining weight in their first year of college, health professionals decided to study the problem of the "Freshman Five", also called "Freshman Fifteen"! gain (v.) – increase health (n.) –the general condition of the body or mind; wellness health professionals – doctors, scientists and other people who work to advance wellness	Study link: Cause & Effect
2.	First, they saw that students had easy access to food — so due to because of because college meal plans.  easy access (n.) – not needing much effort, easy to get. meal plans – most students purchase a meal plan with a set number of meals per day	Study link: Cause & Effect
3.	The cafeterias usually offer buffet style food with a wide variety of food, including junk food.   — Consequently, Because So that For this reason,   students may make less healthy choices. buffet style – self-serve from tables offering 'all you can eat"	Study link: Cause & Effect
4.	— Because The reason is Due to Consequently students are used to eating balanced meals prepared their parents, they don't know how to balance meals by themselves when they go away to college. are used to – are accustomed to a balanced meal includes fruits, vegetables, grain, protein, and dairy  myplate.gov	Study link: Cause & Effect, The reason is
5.	An irregular schedule will often cause a student to skip a meal. Then, the student will binge — in order so that due to consequently   to satisfy his or her hunger. skip (v.) – not have, omit, miss binge (v.) – eat or drink a large quantity of food or alcohol, overeat, (e.g.binge eating, binge drinking)	Study link: Purpose
6.	Increased alcohol consumption is another problem. — As a result of Since Because Due to  there are a lot of calories in a small drink, students don't realize how many calories they are drinking. consumption (n.) – eating or drinking, intake	Study link: Cause & Effect
7.	Often students feel — so stressed that such stressed that so much stress that  they eat a lot of snack food.  Studies show that when people are stressed, they crave foods that are high in calories such as sweet, salty, and processed foods. crave (v.) – desire greatly such as sweets or affection processed (adj.) – food that is changed to last longer on the shelf and be more appealing in the market	Study link: Emphasis on Cause
8.	Finally, — owing to because of due to the fact that because students get less exercise, they don't burn enough calories. calorie – a quantity of food capable of producing a certain amount of energy burn calories – use up calories	Study link: Cause & Effect
9.	Students eat more and exercise less during their first year in college   — , so so that ; consequently, as   they gain an average of 3.5 – 4 pounds (1.6 – 1.8 k) of weight.	Study link: Cause & Effect
10.	Health professionals at colleges and universities are helping to educate incoming students — , so so in order to as they will avoid the "freshman five ". avoid (v.) – prevent	Study link: Purpose

Holm-Denoma JM, et al. "The 'freshman fifteen' (the 'freshman five' actually): predictors and possible explanations.. NCBI  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18248103
Lloyd-Richardson, Elizabeth E. et al. "A  Prospective Study of Weight Gain During the College Freshman and Sophomore Years", NIH,   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696183/

 

 

 

 

Practice 2

The Effects of a Fast Food Diet

 

 

Correct or incorrect?

1. Select the option that best describes the sentence wording.
2. Read the feedback to check your response.

 

#	SENTENCE & FEEDBACK	SELECT THE SENTENCE SUBJECT
11.	For one month, February to March 2004, Morgan decided to eat a junk-food diet in order he find out what it would do to his body and mind. diet (n.) – the particular kind of food a person or animal eats each day	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 11
12.	Morgan ate three meals and 5,000 calories per day at McD's restaurant, so he could find out the effects.	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 12
13.	Morgan resulted by gaining twenty-four pounds.	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 13 Cause-effect
14.	The affect on his mental state was moodiness and irritability. moodiness (n.) – a feeling of being bothered or unhappy irritability (n.) – a feeling of getting annoyed easily or quickly	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 14 Affect/ Effect
15.	His liver was unhealthy due to collecting fat.	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 15
16.	In fact, Morgan gained so much weight that it took him fourteen months for lose the weight and get back to normal.	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 16
17.	Later, Morgan made a documentary movie called, Super Size Me, because he showed the truth about junk food. documentary (adj.) – a nonfiction movie that gives detailed information	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 17
18.	The reason for his movie was the increasing rise in obesity in the U.S., so he made the movie. obesity (n.) – people who are very much overweight	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 18
19.	Due to the increasing problem of obesity in the U.S,  the government began to require fast food restaurants to use healthier ingredients (food) in their menus.	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 8
20.	As a consequence, Morgan's experiment, people now have healthier choices on menus of fast-food restaurants..   experiment (n.) –  a scientific test done to find out if a particular idea is true	Correct     Incorrect Feedback 20

Wikipedia contributors. "Super Size Me." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 28 Dec. 2011. Web. 30 Dec. 2011.

 

 

 

Practice 3

Settling Issues  (disagreements)

 

 

 

Edit the cause-effect connector so tht it is used correctly.

1. Edit the text in the text box
2. Compare your edited response to the answer by clicking the "check" button on the right.

 

#	YOUR RESPONSE	CHECK YOUR ANSWER
21.	McDonald's announced that it will discontinue including toys in its "Happy Meals" because it wants to focus on its food and not its toys.  Because multiple law suits, McDonald's came to this conclusion. law suit (n.) – a problem or complaint that a person or company brings to a court of law to be settled EDIT THIS: McDonald's announced that it will discontinue including toys in its "Happy Meals" because it wants to focus on its food and not its toys.  Because multiple law suits, McDonald's came to this conclusion.	Because / of | Because of / By
22.	Happy Meals were making parents unhappy on account of they are high in fat, calories, salt and sugar.  As a result, kids were more attracted to the toys than the food. EDIT THIS: Happy Meals were making parents unhappy on account of they are high in fat, calories, salt and sugar.  As a result, kids were more attracted to the toys than the food.	Because / of | And / In addition
23.	A group called "Corporate Accountability" also wants McDonald's to retire its clown due to it is directed at getting children to bring their parents into the restaurant and not vice versa. retire (n.) – stop working (usually after reaching a specific age) vice versa (n.) – the opposite or reverse order stated EDIT THIS: A group called "Corporate Accountability" also wants McDonald's to retire its clown due to it is directed at getting children to bring their parents into the restaurant and not vice versa	Because / of
24.	The group was complaining as a result of McDonald's use of clowns and toys to sell unhealthy food to impressionable children. McDonald's responded saying that its marketing practices are responsible, and that its food is high quality. use (n.) – usage impressionable (adj.) – someone who is impressionable is easily influenced, especially because they are young EDIT THIS: The group was complaining as a result of McDonald's use of clowns and toys to sell unhealthy food to impressionable children. McDonald's responded saying that its marketing practices are responsible, and that its food is high quality.	Cause / Effect
25.	This is a a big issue for lower-income and communities of color for the reason of they "often have limited access to grocery stores and increased access to fast food stores," says the group's spokesperson (speaker). EDIT THIS: This is a a big issue for lower-income and communities of color for the reason of they "often have limited access to grocery stores and increased access to fast food stores," says the group's spokesperson (speaker).	Cause / Effect
26.	For now, everyone is happy since parents can focus on helping their children make healthy food choices, and because McDonald's can focus on their food rather than law suits. EDIT THIS: For now, everyone is happy since parents can focus on helping their children make healthy food choices, and because McDonald's can focus on their food rather than law suits.

Katz, Nell.  "McDonald's and Toy Lawsuit: Are "Happy Meals" Tricking Kids?" CBS News. Web http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-20008571-10391704.html