Grammar-Quizzes: Practice on Points of English Grammar (ESL/EFL)

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Mission

Grammar-Quizzes.com is an open educational resource for understanding, learning and practicing English grammar usage. These materials present simple grammar concepts and are most appropriate for high school and college level non-native speakers, but also include practices that could be used for native speakers. Grammar points are listed both by grammar term and by word on this index page. This site, improved for faster loading and better accessibility, is available to instructors and their students without charge and is supported by Google Ads. Please let me know if you find a page error. Suggestions are welcomed. Contact Info, Navigation Options, English/ESL Links, Friends Page, Facebook – Last updated

A special thanks to Catherine Smith, Ellen Rosenfield and Helen Kalkstein for their expertise on grammar terms to use on this site (which is currently undergoing revision). In the future, you will find more contextualized activities, as well as brief "Grammar Notes" sections with sentence diagramming.

Index

Adjectives & Modifiers

Adjective Summary	Adjective Summary: an index of summary content of adjective and modifier practices
Adj-Diagnostic	Adjective Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Adjective Order	Adjective Order: putting adjectives in natural sounding word order; a big, new, shiny, red wagon
Adjective Suffixes	Adjective Suffixes: forming adjectives from other word forms: -al, -ary, -ful, -ic, ical, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -ous, -y, -able, -ant, -ive, -ing, -ed, -en
Resultive Modifiers	Resultive Modifiers: verbs followed by adjectives with resultive states; wash X clean, wipe X dry, get X ready
Modifiers to Adj	Modifiers to adjectives: quantities and adverbs: two feet high / tall / long; color modifiers: moss green, emerald green
Numbers as Modifiers	Number Modifiers: using numbers as adjectives; a five-course meal, a six-step ladder
Nouns as Modifiers	Noun Modifiers: using nouns as modifiers; soup spoon, door bell,
Participle Modifiers 1	Participle Modifiers 1: agent vs. receiver; amused vs. amusing,-ed vs. -ing endings
Participle Modifiers 2	Participle Modifiers 2: ongoing vs. completed; a roasting vs. roasted chicken; -ed vs. -ing endings
Particpl Modifier Quiz	Participial Modifier Quiz: auto-correcting quiz; surprised vs. surprising, aged vs. aging
Comparisons	Making comparisons: describing similarities and differences; the same, alike, unlike, different from, similar to
Same / As ... as	Same…as / As…as: comparing the similarity of two items; the same (noun) as, as (adj / adv) as
More / -er...than	More than / -er than: comparing the quality of two items or the manner of two actions: more, less, -er ,than
Most / -est	Most / -est: indicating the unique quality of an item in a group or unique manner of an action; most, least, -est, of all, ever
Much / More	Much / More: increasing the amount of something; much, more, too, many more and much more
Fewer / Less	Fewer / Less: decreasing the amount of something; fewer, less, count, non count nouns
The more, the more	The more…, the more…: two things vary together; the bigger, the better, the fewer, the lesser, the greater
A-Nationality	Nationality Names (Demonyms): referring to a person from a country (nouns and adjectives)
The–Group	The–Group: adjectives without nouns: the poor, the young, the restless, the former, the latter, the English, the Japanese

Adjective Clauses See Modifying Clauses

Adverbs

Adverb summary	Adverb Summary: an index of summary content of adverb practices
Adv-Diagnostic	Adverb Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Adv Uses	Adverb Uses: modifiers to other words; words modified by adverbs and word order
Adv for Manner	Adverbs for Manner : telling how something is done: uses, word forms, spellings, adverb list; happily, lengthwize,,well, hard, early
Adv Manner Placement	Adverbs for Manner Placement: word order options; Wind blew hard; He will silently turn away.
Adv for Time	Adverbs or Time: telling when an action happens: aspects of time; present, past, future, present perfect, progressive; next week
Adv Frequency	Adverbs for Frequency : telling how often an action happens: usually, often, frequently, occasionally, rarely, hardly ever, never
Adv for Place	Adverbs for Place: expressing movement in a particular direction: out, out of, outside, behind, back, backward, etc.
Adv for Degree	Adverbs for Degree: intensifiers, modifying verbs, adverbs and adjectives: rather, extremely, totally; so, such, too, very, enough
Adv for Focus	Adverbs for Focusing: drawing attention to information: also, just, only, even, really, mostly, mainly, neither–nor, either–or
Indeed / Even	Adverbs for Emphasis: emphasizing unexpected or extraordinary details: even, indeed, in fact, even / even though / even if
Splitting verbs	Splitting Verbs w/ Adverbs : deciding on adverb placement; word order options, variations based of adverb type
Adv for Evaluation new	Adverbs or Evaluation : expressing attitude about a situation; evaluative adjuncts; attitude stance adverbials; fortunately, hopefully, sadly
Adv for Opinion new	Adverbs for Opinion : truth or belief about a situation; modal adjuncts, epistemic stance adverbials; possibly, evidently, likely, actually
Adv for Speech Acts new	Adverbs for Speech-act : conditions under which something is being said; style stance adverbials; frankly, confidentially, briefly, in short
Adv for Linking new	Adverbs for Linking : indicating a relationship between two clauses; finally, namely, consequently, alternatively, incidentally
Discourse Markers new	Adverbs as Discourse Markers: grabbing attention, hesitating, and interjecting; so, well, then, ok, all right, like
Adverbials Moved to Connectors:
After / Before	After / Before: indicating time-relative activities: before, after, as soon as, when, while, as
When / While	When / While: indicating same-time activities: when, while
By the time	By the Time: "Before but no later than": future perfect: by the time
Time-related Clauses	Time-related Clauses: shortening modifying clauses: when, while, before, after
Because Clauses	Because Clauses: shortening cause-effect clauses: because, same-time, earlier time

Agreement

Agreement Summary	Agreement Summary: an index to summary content of sentence agreement practices
Agr-Diagnostic	Agreement Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
RegPluralNouns	Regular Plural Nouns: plural noun markers ending in -S: -s, -es, -ies, -ves
IrregPluralNouns	Irregular Plural Nouns: plural noun markers with other endings: -ee-, -en, -oes, -a, -ae, -ices, -i; varieties: fish vs. fishes
Irreg Plural Prac	Irregular Plural Noun Practice: with irregular plural suffixes; -i, oes, -a, -es, -ves
IrregAgreement	Irregular Agreement: recognizing unusual singular or plural forms– exceptions; irregular agreement: English is vs. the English are
Final -S Prac	Final -S Practice: editing nouns and verbs for final -S / -ES; Final S sounds Listening for final -s [s] / [z] in words (audio)
3rd Person Agrmnt	3rd Person Agreement: agreement spelling patterns, irregular forms, checking verbs for agreement: third-person, final -s
Count and Non-count	Count/ Noncount: referring to mass nouns or units: determiners; money vs. dollars, coins, cents (the, this, that, these, those)
Group Nouns	Group Nouns: referring to items collectively: equipment – computers; candy – candy bars
NonCnt/Cnt Prac 1	Count-Noncount Noun Practice 1: sentences with group (mass) nouns vs. items in the group: jewelry vs. rings
NonCnt/Cnt Prac 2	Count-Noncount Noun Practice 2: paragraph : lessons – homework; messages – communication
Determiners	Determiners: noun markers: a, the, this, that, my, our, some, any, all, each, every, either, neither, none, such, which
Quantity Phrases	Quantity Phrases: indicating how much or how many: some of, all of, the/a number of, none, neither...nor
Some / Any	Some / Any: indicating an indefinite quantity or number: some, any
Much-Many	Much/ Many: indicating quantity for count and noncount nouns much, many, so much, so many, much more, many more
Little / Few	Little / Few: indicating an insufficient amount: little, a little, few, a few
Quantifiers for Food	Food Quantifiers: referring to specific amounts: slice, cup, stick, bottle, spoonful ; pig - pork; calf–veal
Complex Agreement	Complex Agreement: subjects with modifying clauses; The silly looking monkey under the bananas is hiding.
Possessive Nouns	Possessive Pronouns: indicating possession for people or groups: girl's vs. girls'
Common Mistakes	Common Mistakes: top 20 agreement errors: Everyone is; two percent is; two-thirds of the book(s) is/are
Sentence Edit	Sentence Edit: editing for articles, pronouns and singular-plural agreement
Paragraph Edit	Paragraph Editing: using agreement within an essay
Agr in Context	Agreement in Context: Identifying subject-verb agreement
Ch 6-8 Agreement	Chapter Review: singular – plural agreement – Azar - Chapters 6, 7, 8 box-by-box review
PRONOUNS	moved to Pronoun Section

Articles

Article Summary	Article Summary: an index to summary content of article practices
Art-Diagnostic	Articles Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
A-unspecific	A – Unspecific: referring to one as an example of all
A-specific	A – Specific: referring to one in particular;
A / An	A vs. An: blending article sounds before nouns
All/ The-class	All / The – class: Making generalizations about the group
The class/ A-unspec	The – Class / A – Unspecific: stating quality, characteristics and behavior; the lion vs. a lion
All / The-Specfic	All / The – Specific: referring to all vs. a specific, identified one; People (all)/ The people (specific)
The-Earlier Mention	The – Earlier Mention: referring to an already known noun
The-Included Parts	The – Included Parts: in a city: the fire department, the doctor, the police department
The-Later Mention	The –Later Mention: identified by information after the noun
The-SharedKnowl	The - Shared Knowledge: a noun identified by other means-uniqueness, name, or shared knowledge
A-Nationality	A - Nationality Names (Demonyms): referring to a person from a country (nouns and adjectives)
The–Group	The–Group: adjectives without nouns: the poor, the young, the restless, the unemployed, the latter, the English
Landmarks	The – Landmarks: The Statue of Liberty, The Golden Gate Bridge
Geography	The – Geographical Features: The San Joaquin Valley
Countries	The – Countries: The Republic of China, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates
Most-Most of the	Most / Most of the: referring to a quantity of an uspecific or specific group
Another/ The other	Another/ The other: referring to one more or the rest
2nd Mention Prac	First / Second Mention: a unidentified - the identified (indefinite-definite)
Identifying Nouns	The – many ways in which nouns can be identified (definite)
ArticleExpressions	Special Uses of the: wars, eras, dates, worlds events
Superlatives	The – Superlatives: stating a unique degree of a noun; the best movie, the worst acting
Known-New	Known or New? The, A, no marker Sentence editing
Speaking-general	Speaking in General: sentence rephrasing; discussing furniture: in general or specific article use
Paragraph-Edit	Paragraph Edit: A restaurant review; fill the blanks in with articles
Articles-In Context	In Context: Identifying article use; a 3-step process to determine which article to use; luxury items on Survivor TV show.
PRINTED PRACTICES	Article Summary.pdf \| ArticlesGeneric.pdf \| Artprac.pdf

Conditional & Hypothetical Tenses

Conditional Summary	Conditional Summary: an index to summary content of conditional practices
Cond-Diagnostic	Conditional Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Pres-Future Real	Present & Future Real Situations: cause-effect facts, predictions, intent and requests: if, will, can, be going to, should, happen
Pres-Past Real	Present & Past Real Situations: cause-effect habits & customs; ; hypothetical statements: if, whenever
Present Unreal	Present Unreal Situations: strategizing with hypothetical statements; if, could, might, would
Past Unreal 1	Past Unreal Situations 1: analyzing with hypothetical statements; if, had had, would have
Past Unreal 2	Past Unreal Situations 2: analyzing an accident: if, could have, would have
Should/Could have	Should / Could have: late advice: analyzing past options and determining importance; should have, could have
Mixed Tenses	Mixed Tenses: hypothetical situations in mixed time frames: If you had fed the dog, she wouldn't be hungry now.
Implied Conditions	Implied Conditions: a real or unreal situation? If he has time, Jack will/ would cut the grass.
Wishes	Wishes: expressing wishes, regrets, upset, lost opportunity: wish, wish vs. if only!
Wish Agreement	Wish Agreement: tense agreement in conditional statements: My father wished I had gone / would go.
If / Unless	If / Unless: expressing conditions for desirable outcomes: if, unless, otherwise, only if vs. If only
If / Whether	If / Whether: stating a condition vs. an alternative: if, whether
Omitting If	Omitting if: giving advice in hypothetical situations; rephrasing an if-clause: had, should, were
If / In Case	If / In Case: stating a conditioned vs. a precautionary action in the event, in case and should

Confusing Word Pairs (Troublesome Verbs)

Confusing Word Sum	Confusing Words Summary: an index to summary content of paired-word practices
Accept / Except	Accept / Except: Is the action one of approving or rejecting?
Affect / Effect	Affect / Effect: Is it the cause or result?
Another/ The other	Another / The other: Is it "one more" or "the rest"?
Because / Though	Because / Though: Is it an expected or unexpected outcome?
During / In	During / In: Is it a time with duration or an exact time?
Even / Though	Even / Even though: Are you emphasizing something or stating an unexpected outcome?
For / Since	For / Since: Is it a quantity of time or a specific time?
Fewer / Less	Fewer / Less: Are you decreasing the amount of a count or noncount noun?
If / In case	If / In case: Is it a conditioned action or a precaution?
If only / Only If	If only / Only if: Is it a regretful wish or a particular condition?
If / Unless	If / Unless: Will the desired outcome be favorable or unfavorable?
If / Whether	If /Whether: Is it a condition or an alternative?
Lie / Lay	Lie / Lay: Who is lying down – the subject or the object?
Little / Few	Little / Few: Is the quantity a "count" or a "noncount" noun?
Like / As	Like / As: Are you comparing something to a noun or to a clause?
Make / Do	Make / Do: Is the action "creating" or "performing"?
Most / Most of the	Most / Most of the: Is the quantity or number for an unspecific or specific group?
Much / Many	Much / Many: Is it a quantity for a count or a noncount noun?
Much / More	Much / More: Are you increasing the amount of a count or noncount noun?
Rise / Raise	Rise / Raise: Who/What is rising – the subject or the object?
Say / Tell	Say / Tell: Are you quoting or reporting?
Sit / Set	Sit / Set: Who/What is sitting – the subject or the object?
So that / So… that	So that / So…that: Are you stating purpose or emphasizing the quality of something?
Some / Any	Some / Any: Is it a quantity in a positive or a negative sentence?
There / Their	There / There: Is it location, existence or possession? their, there, they're, there's, theirs
Used to / Be used to	Use to / Be used to: Is it a former habit or a habit you are becoming accustomed to?
When / While	When / While: Is it a simultaneous activity of short or long duration?
Phrasal Verbs	Phrasal verbs (two-word verbs): do up, get up, give up, go after, have over, let on, look up, make over, etc.

Connectors

Connector Summary	Connector Summary: an index to summary content of connector, conjunction and transition word practices
Conn Diagnostic	Connector Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
FANBOYS	FANBOYS: joining independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions; for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
And / In addition	And/ In addition: joining sentence elements and sentences; and, as well as, and also, In addition, moreover, furthermore, besides
And so / too	And so / too: shortening a repeated verb in a joined clause: and so do I, and I do too, but I don't; tag-questions: don't I?
Too / Either	Too / Either: adding a positive or negative comment: and too, and not either, but not too
Both...and	Both...and: joining sentence elements with paired conjunctions; both...and, either... or, not only...but also, neither...nor, (or else)
But / But still	But / But still: stating contrast or contrary outcome; but, but still, while, whereas, in contrast to, yet, even so
But not / Except	But not / Except: stating an exception: but not, but for, nothing but, all but, except, except for, cannot help, cannot but, cannot help but
But / Though	But / Though: expressing defeat versus challenge; implied meanings; but vs. though
Rather than new	Rather than: comparative preference; would rather than, rather than ( X and not Y), (X to avoid Y)
Because / of	Because of / In spite of: using adverbial prepositional phrases to introduce "cause"; because vs. because of ; though vs. in spite of
Because of / By	Because of / by: indicating reason or method; because of, by, with
Cause & Effect	Cause / Effect: indicating a causal relationship; consequently, therefore, as a result, for this reason, due to
Because/ Though	Because / Though: expected and unexpected outcomes; because, though
Cause-Effect Rev	Cause-Effect Review: expressing a cause and effect relationship; because, since, consequently, therefore, as a result, so
Because Clauses	Because Clauses: shortening cause-effect clauses: because, same-time, earlier time
So/Such That	So that / Such that: emphasizing qualities and characteristics; so . . . that & such . . . that
So phrases	So Phrases: expressing purpose, cause-effect, or resultt; so that, so... that
After / Before	After / Before: indicating time-relative activities: before, after, as soon as, when, while, as
When / While	When / While: indicating same-time activities: when, while
By the time	By the Time: "Before but no later than": future perfect: by the time
Time-related Clauses	Time-related Clauses: shortening modifying clauses: when, while, before, after
Connector Review	Connector Review: conjunctions, adverbs, and transition words; addition, alternative, cause-effect, comparison, condition, contrast, emphasis
Connector Edit	Connector Edit: finding conjunction, adverb and transition word errors; but, even, not only, because
Connector Paragr	Connector Paragraph: using cause and effect connectors; main cause, as a result, because
Parallel Phrasing	Parallel Phrasing: joining like items with and and but; My English is improving slowly but surely.
SentenceEditing	Sentence Editing: correcting connector use: connectors, transitions, sentence boundaries and punctuation

Diagnostic Quizzes

Diagnostic Summary	Diagnostic Summary: an index to summary content of diagnostic practices
Diagnostic Beg 1	BEGINNING: A grammar diagnostic page with study links.
Diagnostic Beg 2	BEGINNING: A grammar diagnostic page with study links.
Diagnostic Int 1	BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links.
Diagnostic Int 2	BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links.
Diagnostic Int 3	BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links.
Diagnostic Int 4	BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links.
SECTION DIAGNOSTICS
Adj-Diagnostic	Adjective Diagnostic Quiz; a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Adjcl-Diagnostic	Adjective Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Adv-Diagnostic	Adverb Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Agr-Diagnostic	Agreement Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Art-Diagnostic	Articles Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Cond-Diagnostic	Conditional Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Conn Diagnostic	Connector Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Ger-Diagnostic	Gerund Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Inf-Diagnostic	Infinitive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Modal-Diagnostic	Modal Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Nom Cls Diagnostic	Noun Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Passive Diagnostic	Passive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Past-Diagnostic	Past Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Prep Diagnostic	Preposition Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Pres Perf Diagnostic	Present Perfect Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Pres-Diagnostic	Present Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Pron-Diagnostic	Pronoun Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
soon	Punctuation Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Adj Clause Qz	INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Adjective clause – auto-correcting quiz
Modal Quiz	INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Modals – auto-correcting quiz
Noun Clause Qz	INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Noun clauses – auto-correcting quiz
Report Speech Quiz	INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Reported speech – auto-correcting quiz
ADVANCED POINTS
Pop-Q Archive	ADVANCED: Sentence examples that focus on improving awkward word choice or phrasing in English

Gerunds

Gerund Summary	Gerund Summary: an index of summary content of gerund practices
Ger-Diagnostic	Gerund Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Gerund as Subject	Gerund as Subject: referring to activities; parallel phrasing, bulleted lists, spelling adding -ing
Verb + Gerund	Verbs followed by gerunds: expressing attitudes about activities
Verb + Prep Phrases	Verbs + preposition followed by a gerund: commenting on activities; insisted on going ; looking forward to seeing
Gerund Cls w/Subj	Gerund Clauses with Subjects: expressing attitudes about activities; excused him for leaving; excused his leaving; thanked him for giving
By + Gerund	By / With: stating means and methods; by followed by a gerund, with followed by a noun
For + Gerund	For followed by a gerund: stating function by verb+ing, for verb+ing, to+verb
Prep + Gerund	Prepositions Followed by Gerunds: stating activities: about, against, after, before, by, for, from instead of, without
Sensory Verbs	Sensory and Other Verbs Followed by Gerund-Participles: stating observations, perceptions; see, hear, find, catch, watch, sit, stand, etc.
Gerund/ Infin Prac1	Gerund / Infinitive Practice 1: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Gerund/ Infin Prac2	Gerund / Infinitive Practice 2: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Verb + PP Prac 1	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 1: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase: about, against, after, for, etc.
Verb + PP Prac 2	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 2: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase: put off doing, keep from hearing, etc.
Verb + PP Prac 3	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 3: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase
By / With Prac	By / With Practice: means or method
Parallel Gerunds	Parallel Gerunds: using similar word forms in a series
Gerund Context	Gerunds in Context: identifying gerund use

Infinitives

Infinitive Summary	Infinitive Summary: an index of summary content of infinitive practices
Inf-Diagnostic	Infinitive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Infinitive as Subject	Infinitive as Subjects: referring to activities, quotes and definitions; to be or not to be
Verb + Infinitive	Infinitive as Complement to a Verb: expressing intent and wishes; hope, wish, like, expect
Verb + Pron + Infin	Verb + Pronoun + Infinitive: getting other people to do things; persuade, intend, ask; also, have, do, let, make
Order + Pron + Infin	Infinitive Commands: imposing one's will on others; advised, order, command, expect
It takes + Infinitive	It takes + Infinitive: expressing how much is needed; it takes X + infinitive
Too / Enough	Too / Enough: stating minimum and maximum requirements; too, enough
Adjective + Infinitve	Adjectives +Infinitives: expressing feelings and reactions; happy to see; amazed to find
It is + Adj + Infinitive	It's + Adjective + Infinitive: expressing opinion; It's difficult, easy, important, impossible to…
In order + Infinitive	In Order + Infinitive: stating purpose: in order to…
Infinitives In Context	In Context: identifying infinitives in an article
RELATED PAGES
Gerund/ Infin Prac1	Gerund / Infinitive Practice 1: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Gerund/ Infin Prac2	Gerund / Infinitive Practice 2: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Splitting Verbs	Splitting Verbs: optimizing adverb placement; the split infinitive argument

Modal Verbs

Modal Summary	Modal Summary: an index of summary content of modal practices
Modal-Diagnostic	Modal Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Will / Might	Will / Might: expressing degrees of certainty: will, may, might could, may have, might have
Be going / Will	Be going / Will: expressing intent vs. prediction: be going, will
Will / Would	Will / Would: expressing intent and refusal: will, would
Would	Would: stating preference, request, habit or excuse: would, would have, would rather have
Should	Should: expressing expectation, convention or advice: should, will be, supposed to, ought to, should have
Could / Should	Could / Should: offering options and advice should, should have, could, could have
Should / Must	Should/ Must: expressing advisability and necessity; should, ought to, should have, must, had to, needed to
Must / Must have	Must/Must have: making guesses, inferences and conclusions: might /might have vs. must / must have
Can / Could	Can/ Could: expressing physical, mental and potential ability: can, could, be able to
May / Can	May/ Can: requesting permission and offering suggestions: may, can, could, would, shall, let's
Modal Agreement	Modal Agreement: complex sentences with mixed time frames: will, would, be-going-to, so that, said that, which, who, if ... then
Future Perfect	Future Perfect: making predictions: will finish, will have finished
Modal Review	Modal Review: meanings in present and past tense;
Modal Practice	Modal Practice: Means the Same!
Modal Quiz	Modal Quiz: auto-correcting quiz
Modals In Context	Modals in Context: identify modals and tense use in the context of an article
RELATED PAGES
By the time	By the time: comparing relative events
Should/Could have	Should / Could have: late advice: analyzing past options and determining importance; should have, could have

Modifying Clauses (Relative Clauses / Adjective Clauses)

Modifying Clauses	Modifying Clause Summary: an index of summary content of adjective clause (relative clause, modifying clause) practices
Adjcl-Diagnostic	Adjective Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
That	That: adding a descriptive clause for an inanimate noun ; that
Who-whom	Who & Whom: adding a descriptive clause for an animate noun
Whose	Whose: adding descriptive information for possessive nouns: whose
Of which / With	Of Which / With: adding possessive clauses (inanimate): of which, with, that, whose
When-Where	When / Where: adding descriptive information for time or place: when, where and in/on/at which
Wh-ever	Wh-ever: using an indefinite pronoun to add a modifying clause: whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however
All of which	All of Which: using a quantity phrase to add a modifying clause: all of which / some of whom
That / Which	That vs. Which: adding a modifying clause to identify which noun; restrictive vs. non-restrictive; that, which
Some or All	Some or All: restrictive vs. nonrestrictive clauses; using commas
Which-clause	Which Clauses: using which to modify an entire clause; which (all of the preceding clause) vs. that (preceding noun)
Clause Reduction 1	Clause reduction: shortening a relative clause with a be verb form: [who is] living
Clause Reduc 2	Clause reduction: shortening a relative clause with an active verb form: [who lives] living
Misrelated Clauses	Misrelated Adjunct Clauses: placement and reference
Adj Clause Qz	Adjective clause quiz: modifying clauses for possessives and quantifiers: whose, some of whose
Related pages
Participial Clauses 1	Participial Clauses 1: reducing a clause with a passive verb to a participial clause: was located / located
Participial Clauses 2	Participial Clauses 2: educing a clause with a passive or active verb to a participial clause: served as / serving as
Ch 13 Adj Clauses	Review of chapter 13 in Azar v.3 "Understanding and Using English Grammar"

Nominal Clauses (formerly Noun Clauses)

Nom Clause Summary	Nominal Clause Summary : index of summary content of embedded-question, statement, and command practices
Nom Cls Diagnostic	Nominal Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Wh- Question Cls	Wh Question Clauses: Changing wh- questions to reported speech; tense agreement She asked me how I was.
Yes/No Question Cls	Yes/No Question Clauses: Changing questions answered by yes or no to reported speech; She asked me if I was sick.
Command Clauses	Command Clauses: Changing commands to reported speech (subjunctive verb form)
Statement Clauses	Statement Clauses: changing statements to reported speech (quoted speech); same vs. earlier -time agreement; deictic words: here/there
Said Synonyms	Synonyms for Said: other words for reported speech; formal vs. informal agreement
That–Subj Clauses	That–Subject Clauses: using a clause as the subject of a sentence
It–Subj Clauses	It–Subject Clauses: shifting focus to another sentence part
What–Subj Clauses	What–Subject Clauses: shifting focus to another sentence part
The reason is new	The reason is: specifying a reason; the reason is, the reason why, the reason is because
Subord Clause Quiz	Subordinated Clause Quiz: auto-correcting quiz
Report Speech Quiz	Reported Speech Quiz: auto-correcting quiz
RELATED PAGES
Azar Chapter Rev 12	Chapter 12 review: noun clauses
Order + Pron + Infin	Infinitive Commands: imposing one's will on others; advised, order, command, expect

Passive Voice

Passive Summary	Passive Summary: an index of summary content of passive verb practices
Passive Diagnostic	Passive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Focus on Object	Focus on the Object: changing the object to the subject of the sentence; I was born (beginning – intermed. practice)
Focus on Project	Focus on the Project: focusing on the collective work rather than the team (intermed. – advanced practice)
By Phrases	By Phrases: deciding when to include the "agent"
Focus Ind Object	Indirect Objects as Subjects: placing emphasis on the receiver of the action
Never Passive	Never Passive: intransitive and stative verbs with no passive voice: happen
Get-Passives	Get-Passives: using get in place of be in passive sentences: I got hit, got lost, got married, got it done, got myself dressed
Participle Modifiers 1	Participle Modifiers 1: describing someone or something as the cause or the receiver of an emotion; amused vs. amusing; -ed vs. -ing endings
Participle Modifiers 2	Participle Modifiers 2: describing things with adjectives indicating ongoing versus completed states a roasting vs. roasted chicken; -ed vs. -ing
Partcpl Adj Quiz	Participial Adjective Quiz: auto-correcting quiz
Participles w/ Preps	Participle Modifiers and Prepositions: describing emtional reactions; interested in, surprised at
Participle-Prep Prac	Participles+Prepositions Practice: known for; concerned with; accustomed to
Participial Clauses 1	Clause Reduction 1: reducing a clause with a passive verb to a participial clause: was located / located
Participial Clauses 2	Clause Reduction 2: reducing a clause with a passive or active verb to a participial clause: served as / serving as
Been / Being	Been / Being: contrast the sounds/words; been and being
Passive in Context	Passive in Context: identifying passive sentences in the context of an article

Past & Past Perfect Tenses

Past Summary	Past Summary: an index of summary content of past practices
Past-Diagnostic	Past Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Past Complete	Past Complete: reporting past activities or events
Past Progressive	Past Progressive: temporary past activities and setting background information
Past Habits	Past Habits: past behavior vs. habits, past states of possession, mind, being: would, used to
Reporting Source	Reporting Source: telling source or emotional impact
Past Series	Past Series: reporting a past series of events
Past Perfect	Past Perfect & Progressive: contrasting earlier events from later events; past adverbs: before, after, when
Past Perf Edit	Past Perfect Edit: using the past tenses in context
Participles1	Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: awake - lay
Participles2	Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: let - wear

Pop Questions

Pop-Q Archive	Pop-Q Archive: an idex of the years' pop questions.
Pop-Q 2012	Archive 2011: an index of the year's pop questions.
Pop-Q 2011	Archive 2011: an index of the year's pop questions.
Pop-Q 2010	Archive 2010: an index of the year's pop questions.
Pop-Q 2009	Archive 2009: an index of the year's pop questions.
Pop-Q 2008	Archive 2008: an index of the year's pop questions.

Prepositions

Preposition Summary	Preposition Summary: an index of summary content of preposition practices
Prep Diagnostic	Preposition Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Preps for Time	Prepositions for Time: relating when: in, on, at
Preps for Place	Prepositions for place: relating where – in, on, at, aside, beneath, among, etc.
Prep Paragraph	Paragraph Practice: using preposition of time and place: in, on, at
During / In	During / In: expressing duration vs. exact time: during, in
For / Since	For / Since: Indicating a quantity of time vs. a specific time: for, since
Phrasal Verbs	Phrasal Verbs: using two-word verb expressions: go about, go at, go away, go down, go off, go on, go out of, go over, go with.
Ending w/ Prep	Ending with a Preposition: using a preposition at the end of the sentence: question, passive and infinitive structures; phrasal verbs
RELATED PAGES
Adv/Prep for Place	Adverbs for Place: expressing movement in a particular direction: out, out of, outside, behind, back, backward, etc.
Verb + Gerund	Verbs followed by gerunds: expressing attitudes about activities
Verb + Prep Phrases	Verbs + preposition followed by a gerund: commenting on activities; insisted on going ; looking forward to seeing
Gerund Cls w/Subj	Gerund Clauses with Subjects: expressing attitudes about activities; excused him for leaving; excused his leaving; thanked him for giving
Participles w/ Preps	Participle Modifiers and Prepositions: describing emtional reactions; interested in, surprised at
Verb + PP Prac 1	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 1: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase: about, against, after, for, etc.
Verb + PP Prac 2	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 2: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase: put off doing, keep from hearing, etc.
Verb + PP Prac 3	Verb + Prepositional Phrase Practice 3: gerund clause as object of the prepositional phrase
Participle-Prep Prac	Participles+Prepositions Practice: known for; concerned with; accustomed to

Present & Present Progressive Tenses

Present Summary	Present Tense Summary: an index of summary content of present tense practices
Pres-Diagnostic	Present Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
General Truth	General Truth: referring to occurrences in nature; stating facts vs. making observations: turns vs. is turning
Present Prac	General Truth Practice: talking about weather; El Niño: is happens, comes, comes, drops
At the Moment	At the Moment: indicating temporary activities; am, is, am working, am taking, am having
Habits and Customs	Habits, Customs and Routines: referring to current activities – temporary vs. permanent; are preparing, are celebrating
Pres vs Progressive	Present Progressive: temporary habit or at the moment of speaking; is jogging / is listening -- is studying/ is taking classes
Scheduled Events	Scheduled Events: indicating planned acitivites and events; the exhibition returns / is returning / will return
States of Being	States of Being: indicating existence and changes in states of existence; is, looks, seems, appears, resembles, becomes, gets, acts
Sensory States	Sensory States: indicating sensations and perceptions; hear, see, sounds, tastes, feels
Mental States	Mental States: indicating thinking, cognition and attitude; knows, believes, thinks, understands, recognizes, remembers, etc.
Possession States	Possessive States: indicating possession or ownership; have, belong, possess, own, hold
Emotion States	Emotional States: expressting emotional states; surprise, impress, please, astonish, amaze
Measurement States	Measurement States: meaurement, weight, distance, height and count; measures, reaches, weighs, consists of, contains, includes, etc.
Time-Related Events	Time-Related Events: indicating the relative time of two planned events: before, after, as soon as, while, when, as soon as
Story Telling	Present Tense Narration: story telling; "This guy walks into a bar.."
Indirect Objects	Verbs with Indirect Objects: indicating receivers of actions; me, to me, for me (dative verbs)
Present In Context	Present In Context: identifying present tense verbs
RELATED PAGES
Troublesome Verbs	Confusing Word Pairs: make/do, say/tell, lie/lay, rise/raise, sit/set
Never Passive	Never Passive: intransitive and stative verbs with no passive voice: happen
Mixed times	After / Before: adverbs used in mixed time frames - before, after, as soon as, when, while, as

Present Perfect Tense

Pres Perf Summary	Present Perfect Summary: an index of summary content of present perfect tense practices
Pres Perf Diagnostic	Present Perfect Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Up to Now	Up to Now: focusing on duration: for, since, so far, to date
Duration/ Repetition	Duration/ Repetition: indicating continuous vs. reoccurring activity: several times
Permanent/Temp	Permanent/ Temporary: Indicating long- or short-term activity: since, ever since, for, this morning, all morning
Experience	Experience: referring to an activity or event in the unspecified past: ever, never, before; short answers: yes, I have / no, I haven't
Ongoing	Ongoing: referring to an activity in progress
Just / Recently	Just/ Recently: relating the past to the present time frame: recently, just, lately
Already / Yet	Already/Yet: happening sooner or later than expected; already, yet
Implied Meanings	Implied Meanings: using adverb clues to understanding meaning
State of Mind	Present State-of-Mind: connecting the past to the present
Sentence Practice	Sentence Practice: matching verb tense and adverbs: up to now, so far, since, this year, in my life; last year, yesterday, then
Paragraph Practice	Paragraph Practice: matching verb tense with adverbs
For / Since	For/ Since: Indicating a quantity of time vs. a specific time
Participles1	Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: awake - lay
Participles2	Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: let - wear

Pronouns

Pronoun Summary	Pronoun Summary: an index of summary content of pronoun practices
Pron-Diagnostic	Pronoun Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Pronouns	Pronouns: using a pronoun to refer to a noun : he, she, we, they — him, her, us, them
Collective Pronouns	Collective Pronouns: referring to groups or individuals; The Scouts value its rules / their people.
Double Pronouns	Double Pronouns: referring to two personal nouns; me and my dad vs. my dad and I
Indefinite Pronouns	Indefinite pronouns: using agreement with possessive pronouns: everyone has his / their hat; gender neutral phrasing
Reflexive Pronouns	Reflexive pronouns: referring to oneself; referring to all or part: myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves
PossessivePronouns	Possessive Pronouns: indicating ownership: his, hers, ours, theirs; generalizations: one-one's, you-your (impersonal) , they-their
There	There: referring to the existence of something; there
It /There Pronouns	It / There: referring to weather, time, or existence
It / This Reference	It / This: referring back to something; emphasis, former, latter; it this / that
Pronoun Placement	Pronoun Placement: making noun reference clear; He was hungry, Jack decided.
Gender & Pronouns	Gender & Pronoouns: referring to both male and females; Everyone has his vs. their hat.

Punctuation

Punctuation Sum	Punctuation Summary: an index of summary content of punctuation practices
Punc Diagnostic	Punctuation Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review
Apostrophes	Apostrophes: marking contractions and possessive nouns
Bullet Lists	Bullet lists: punctuating items in vertical lists; parallel phrasing, introductory phrases, colons, semicolons, periods, capitals
Capitals	Capitalization: using upper and lowercase letters
Colons	Colons: explaining or illustrating; introductory phrases, time and proportions, mail, emai, book citations, chapter, verse
Comma Uses	Comma Uses: separating and setting of elements in a sentence: punctuating clauses and sentences with commas
Comma-series	Comma Series: separating elements in a sentence; Word Play – clarifying word form meaning with punctuation: commas
Comma-comments	Commas, Parentheses and Dashes: inserting a comment within a sentence; commas, parentheses and dashes, appositives
Dashes	Dashes (Em dash): setting elements of from the rest of the sentence; aside comments, lists, after thoughts
Hyphens	Hyphens & Capitalization in Headings: linking words to clarify meaning; capitalization of hyphenated words in titles and headlines
Italics	Italics: including titles of major works, and other terms in your writing
Parentheses	Parentheses: adding explanation and clarification to sentences
Periods	Periods: marking sentence ends, abbreviations and decimals; a.m. / AM, p.m. / PM
Quotation Marks	Quotation Marks: marking quoted speech, titles of minor works and terms; ellipsis
Semicolons	Semicolons: punctuating joined phrases semicolons, commas, colons
COMMAS IN CLAUSES:
So vs so that	Using a comma with a so (result) but not with so that (purpose)
Punc-Conjunc	Using commas with coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Punc-WordOrder	Using a comma to mark a word order change
Punc-Conditional	Using a comma with a conditional sentence
Punc-Adv-Even	Using a comma with an adverb of emphasis - even
Punc-AdjClause	Using a comma with a non-restrictive clause
Punc-Restrictive	Using a comma with a clause to include "all" or "some"; restrictive vs. non-restrictive
Punc-Which	Using a comma with which to refer to a whole sentence instead of just one word

Review

Review Sum	Review Summary: an index of summary content of review practices
Ch 6-8 Agreement	Chapter review of singular-plural agreement (follows Azar v.3 text chapters)
Ch12-nounclause	Chapter review of noun clauses
Ch13adjclauses	Chapter review of adjective clauses
Ch16-19adv phrs	Chapter review of adverbials and other miscellaneous words and phrases
Ch19connectors	Chapter review of sentence connectors and coordinators
Ch20conditionals	Chapter review of conditional and hypothetical sentences

Sentence Structure (under development)

Sent Struc Summary	Sentence Structure Summary: an index of summary content of punctuation practices
Complete Thought	Complete Thought: including a topic and a controlling idea; stream of consciousness; a spoken vs. written sentence
Subject / Predicate	Subject–Predicate: identifying basic elements in a sentence; subject and modifiers, predicate, verb, adverbial modifiers
Finite / Nonfinite	Finite / Nonfinite: verbs and clauses (Advanced); inflected v. noninflected (reduced) verbs, nonfinite clauses, tree diagrams
Auxiliary Verbs	Auxiliary Verbs: distinct properties (Advanced) ; NICE properties: negation, inversion, code and emphasis, BE & modals verbs
Clauses/ Fragments	Clauses/Fragments: Identifying larger elements in a sentence: phrase, dependent clause, independent clause, fragment, sentence–spoken/written
Run-On Sentences	Run-on Sentences: identifying simple and compound sentences: coordinating conjunctions, semicolons
Cleft Sentences	Cleft Sentences: shifting focus to another sentence part; it-clauses, what-clauses, that-clauses (clefts and pseudo-clefts)

Writing

Writing Summary	Writing Summary: an index of summary content of writing and composition practices
Planning Guide	Planning Guide: foundation work for writing (pyramid)
Focusing Your Topic	Focusing Your Topic: selecting a reasonable amount as a topic
Topic-Thesis	Topic Thesis: creating your thesis sentence
Introductions	Introductions: writing four types
Copyright - Fair Use	Copyright, Ethics & Fair Use: giving credit to other people's work
Fair Use Practice	Fair Use Practice: determining what is or isn't copyrighted
Plagiarism	Plagiarism: strategies for avoiding plagiarism
Plag Examples	Plagiarism Examples: identifying plagiarized work from an example paragraph
Citing Sources	Citing Your Sources: What is MLA Style? Examples of in-text and bibliographic citations; resources
Citation Order	Citation Order: (replaced by pages below, whch include 2009 changes)
DragDrop-Book	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Book: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Mag	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Magazine: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Journal	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Journal: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Newsp	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Newspaper: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Web	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Web: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Music	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Music: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
DragDrop–Film	MLA Citation Drag & Drop – Film: practice arranging elements into proper citation order
Citation Practice	Citation Practice: identifying correctly written citations
Web Page Eval	Web Page Evaluation Criteria: separating fact from fiction; resources
Evaluation Prac	Web Page Evaluation Practice: web page criteria

Resources/ Bibliography

ESL Links

Contact Information

Julie Sevastopoulos Contact / Bio information page

Previously, this web site was named "Grammar Check" when it resided on the San Mateo Community College District server from November 1998 - April 2008. In May of 2008, it was renamed "Grammar-Quizzes" (an available domain name) and moved to its current host server (May 2008 – present).

Grammar-Quizzes.com

PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR